Ecocentrism And Environmentalism - 1578 Words

Deforestation has been a prevalent problem throughout time, but especially with the exponential increase in technology over the past 50 years, it has become a more concerning issue. Then, the ethical question, apart from the impact it has on species, is whether or not ecosystems have more standing. Is it just the individuals that are sentient and have a use to humanity that have moral standing, or is there something beyond individual organisms such as their interrelatedness and contribution to the good of the whole ecosystem? Using Thoreau’s ecocentric philosophical viewpoint acquired through his time at Walden and the contemporary environmental issue of deforestation as an example will provide justification for the argument that†¦show more content†¦Contrary to a biocentrist view, an ecocentrist will assert that to be able to determine moral treatment of any being, the good it contributes to the ecosystem as a whole must be questioned. This kind of view asserted by L eopold constitutes to the main focus of ecocentrism. Regardless of acceptance of an ecocentric view, the question of whether an ecosystem has a moral standing must then be asked. In an anthropocentric view, one sees the moral duties of humans and obligations as only applicable to people. Another view extends moral norms to beyond nonhumans with the argument that the value of humans is also found in other sentient beings. In other words, if one claims that humans have moral standing because they are sentient, then any other organism considered to be sentient also has a moral standing. An additional view applies to an ecocentric view, finding ethical and moral standing beyond just individual organisms. An ecocentric view goes beyond the traditional norms that extend to plants and animals, extending to the view that every single relationship between organisms and their environments are vital components to understanding the value of an individual organism. Overall, â€Å"ecosystems have ecological identities that are reasserted overtime, and ecosystems in part help determine what is said to be for organisms and species. In this sense, ecosystems are prescriptive, selective systems that have systematic,Show MoreRelatedWhat Are The Ideologies Associated With Societal Views Of The Environment And How One Should Effectively Approach Natural Resource Conservation1536 Words   |  7 Pagespromotes human interest (Brennan, 2002). Conversely, ecocentrism sees humans as a part of the Earth’s ecosystems rather than the overseeing entity of them. This view holds intrinsic value in the environment itself and therefore asserts that humans do not possess the power to decide what portions of the planet to protect (Mazzotta, 1995). Rather, humans are seen as environmental stewards and as a part of a larger ecological system. Ecocentrism gives nonhuman entities possession of moral considerationRead MoreAnalysis Of Koyaanisqatsi And If A Tree Falls1734 Words   |  7 Pagesfor humanity’s impact on the longevity of the earth’s natural environment (Gibson 2002). From this concern, the ideology of environmentalism has emerged as a strong social movement, bent on the perusal of a viable future, through the implementation of culturally defined responsibilities towards the natural world (Gibson 2002). Through the progression of cinema, environmentalism has become an issue that has received wide publicity, resulting in the creation of countless films discussing this issue.Read MoreSpace Colonization : A New Frontier1710 Words   |  7 Pagescommon ground. An often cited article entitled â€Å"The ethical dimensions of space settlement,† written by Martyn Fogg, argues that space development is morally acceptable. To begin, Fogg defines four ethical theories: anthropocentrism, zoocentrism, ecocentrism and preservationism. Fogg shows that the anthropocentric, zoocentric and ecocentric ideologies all uphold space colonization as morally permissible because they only require that space colonization is beneficial to man (anthropocentric) and does

Essay about Traditional and Non-Traditional Methods of...

Prisons are designed to confine individuals convicted of committing crimes. These facilities are used to rehabilitate offenders while keeping them isolated from the community so they can do no more harm to law abiding citizens. The goal of jails and prisons are to simply keep offenders from committing more crimes while encouraging them to become productive members of society. Traditional forms of corrections consist of prison time, restitution, probation or parole. However, there are some non-traditional methods as well such as alternative sentencing. For individuals who commit felonies such as murder there’s no negotiating you’re going to prison. There will be no alternatives and if there crime was severe enough the criminal will be sent†¦show more content†¦Rehabilitation focuses on making the convicted offender a changed member of society and able to live amongst lawful citizens. Prison, county jails and other alternatives ultimate goal is to reform offenders so they will not commit any more crimes and can be sent back into the real world. The intended goals are the same, but with the alternatives the offender just gets to reform his or herself outside of a prison cell. Data that supports incarceration or some other methods of punishment varies within jurisdictions. Joel Caplan’s research said â€Å"There has been some evidence that successful paroles are increasing in certain jurisdictions; or rather, that failure rates are declining in certain states† (Austin, 2001). This could be because once an individual gets a look at prison life and their freedom and rights are stripped away that is enough to humble a person and make them want to change and be free again. Freedom from prison can uplift a person and individuals strive for the right to become members of society again (Caplan, 2006). Someone granted parole can fail to successfully blend back into his or her community. Sometimes when individuals are fresh out of prison it is harder for previously convicted criminals to get jobs or even be accepted by society again. Ignoring the potential of rehabilitated ex-offenders and withholding resources such as the opportunity to have a realShow MoreRelatedEssay on Circle Sentencing as Alternative Dispute Resolutions1235 Words   |  5 PagesCircle Sentencing as Alternative Dispute Resolutions While the restorative justice movement has risen in recent years, the idea of circle sentencing, or peacemaking circles has been practiced in indigenous cultures for quite some time. As we look at implementing traditional indigenous culture practices as alternative dispute resolutions, we need to realize the effectiveness and also whether we are ready to use them. The Yukon and other communities reintroduced circles in 1991 as a practiceRead MoreEssay on Victim and Crime Evulation1159 Words   |  5 Pagesvictims who create the unfortunate events to which justice has to be served and then there are the defense attorneys and the prosecutors who do their best to upload the justice system and make sure that justice is served. What are the goals of sentencing associated? A defense attorney is a hired contractor, charged with representing individuals or entities in criminal or civil matter. People and organization facing criminal charges or being sued civilly hire a defense attorney to ensure theirRead MoreShould We Be Mandatory Sentence Reduction?870 Words   |  4 Pageshigh judges such as the Supreme Court to end the traditional and legal precedent of turning a blind eye to race discrimination in the criminal justice system (Alexander, 2011). To this point, research on mass incarceration takes issue with the fact the Court has closed the courthouse doors to claims of racial bias at all stages of the criminal justice process from the levels of justice ranging from stops and searches to plea bargaining and sentencing. One case, in particular, stands out as drawingRead MoreIncarceration And High Disproportionality Of Aboriginal Offenders1347 Words   |  6 Pagesalternatives and consequences (Zsolnai, 1997). Therefore, the individual level of responsibly ignores other systematic factors that influence offending. It is arguable that the Western system examines beyond the individual level by incorporating specific sentencing principles for Aboriginal people (see R v Gladue, 1999). However, society still has mass incarceration and high disproportionality of Aboriginal offenders in Canada. Thus, it is essential that the state based justice system examines how societyRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior. Transfer is usually used for juveniles charged with dangerous and violent offenses. At least half of the youths transferred to the adult court system, however, have committed minor offenses such as property and drug law violations. The most traditional style of transferring juveniles to criminal court was elective judicial waiver. Judicial waiver laws allow a juvenile court judge to transfer a delinquency case to criminal court, often after establishing that the case meets unmitig ated criteriaRead MoreIs Restorative Justice Gaing Support in South Africa?1503 Words   |  7 Pagesrestorative justice principles in the resolution of disputes it will be evident in the legislation and recent case law in different fields; including crimes of child offenders, serious crimes and less serious crimes. Restorative justice versus traditional theories Punishment theories such as retributive and utilitarian approaches focus on the objective to ‘right the wrong’. Retributive theories are based mostly on theological principles; where the offender can only pay for his ‘sin’ by sufferingRead MoreA Separate Juvenile Justice System1003 Words   |  5 Pagescustodial methods of punishment. 1. Juxtaposition of traditional and modern methods There is the need for a rediscovery of a distinctive indigenous system of justice that can be juxtaposed with the modern justice system. The question may be asked if the informal control of juvenile offenders is a solution to reoffending. This concept used under the traditional juvenile justice system may be adapted taking into cognizance contemporary trends in addressing youth matters. The traditional concept ofRead MoreRestorative Justice among the Aboriginal People1336 Words   |  5 Pagesthe experience of the native people. This means that it is important to acknowledge the differences amongst the aboriginal people. It is evident that the use of retributive model of justice has been used in many of the corrections in Canada. This method has not been effective in reducing crime amongst the aboriginal people. Both males and females amongst the aboriginals are overrepresented in the various levels of secured custody. However, based on the enormity of the native involvement in theRead More Community Based Corrections: Viable Alternative to Incarceration1679 Words   |  7 PagesCommunity-based corrections alleviate overcrowded correctional facilities, reduce taxpayer burden, and rehabilitate offenders, while providing effective, efficient low cost methods of supporting public safety, community rehabilitation, behavior modification and personnel responsibility, because it uses multiple approaches and involves both legislative and judicial personnel in all steps of the process. Community-based corrections facilities are located in the community and support diverse rehabilitativeRead MoreRestorative Justice Gaining Support in South Africa1246 Words   |  5 Pagesrestorative justice principles in the resolution of disputes it will be evident in the legislation and recent case law in differ ent fields; including crimes of child offenders, less serious crimes and serious crimes. 2 Restorative justice versus traditional theories Punishment theories such as retributive and utilitarian approaches focus on ‘righting the wrong’. Retributive theories are based on the idea where the offender can only pay for his ‘sin’ by suffering. Whereas, utilitarian approaches are

Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation. Answer: Introduction: The two post that is above ground lift is designed to raise cars in this case the passenger car is used instead, to make it easy to get into the underside of the vehicle and also the assemblies of the wheels. The two post above ground lift is under normal circumstances attached to the surface which is made of concrete that existed before. The minimum depth of the concrete that is needed by the two post above the ground level is approximately four inches although a concrete which is more thicker is also needed for the post lifts that surpasses the normal capacity, (Ackermann etzler,C, 2014). This lift is made up of two columns which are all upright, the two hydraulic cylinders, the four adjustable arms which are mounted to the carriage assembly, a hydraulic power unit and various hoses, cables and pulleys also employs the use of an extruded nut which its configurations are powered by the electric motor. According to (Akorede Hizan, 2011),The two post above the ground level was created for the facilities that are moving and they were not able to be installed in the in-ground lifts. This is the reason as to why so many centers for automotive services are normally constructed on the hard rock where excavation can to be practical or possible. They are sometimes developed on the buildings which are located on the facilities that has its water table high above the ground. Additionally, two post above the ground lifts is always a perfect decision which is to replace the in-ground lift which is inoperable hence cutting down the down time and also eliminates the mess that comes about during installation that is developed with the in ground lifts. Most of the two post above ground lifts are powered by the hydraulic power unit. This unit is the assembly of the main components which is as follows: The dump valve handle permits the hydraulic fluid flowing into reservoir direct from hydraulic system. The hydraulic pump that is attached below the motor assembly having the preset valve pressure limit The plastic reservoir which is used for hydraulic fluid The Electric motor which is normally 220 Volt on a single phase 60 HZ. The most widely needed electric motor must give out uppermost torque , on the other hand making the drawing of the least amount of amperage. The horse power motor that is so high is never the best compared to the horse power that is the lowest in giving out the same torque. Designing is the process of converting an idea from that which a product can be developed. The whole processes of designing needs making good decisions on the material that the can develop the product and all of the processes that constitutes making of the product. Design dictates the material chosen or vice versa. At first, all materials must be put into consideration, but as the processes of designing becomes more comprehensive, the criteria of selection also takes its shape, this reduces the number of materials that are needed for the process. At the final stages, exact information for analysis is required in order to be used. The data needed is for very few materials. This particular process must recognize the first richness of the choice. Narrowing the process to a very small subset is also needed and provision of the detail on which final design calculations are based The logic that operates behind the machine is as follows; at the moment a power button of an electric motor is put into action by pressing it, hydraulic or electric power unit gives out pressurized hydraulic fluid that comes through the hoses. The pressure comes to the two cylinders of which the cylinders are located in opposing columns. The hydraulic fluid pressure is through regulated by the use of the factory preset pump valve. Although the atlas lift has the capabilities of lifting a mass which is much more than the stipulated capacity, they are also constrained to their capacity which they are rated using the pressure valve that is always located inside the hydraulic or the electric power unit. The pressure valve is always installed from the factory, it is also adjusted accordingly in order to prevent the user of the machine from loading the weight that is more than the rated weight of the lift. As we know that the pressure valve is fitted from the company that manufactures the lift, its not therefore allowed to adjust the valve in any way. Most of the two post lifts are made up of the automatic safety arm locks which in this case are architectured in order to protect the lift arm, and the point the pads which are in the arm are positioned properly under the vehicle, the arm lock which are automatic engages at the time the vehicle is then lifted approximately 2 inches from the ground level, and also it automatically disengages immediately the vehicle is lowered down to ground. Allowance stress This is the maximum stress which can be allowed on a material Allowable stress therefore F=Fy/F.S When the Fy =10 and F.S =(10*4)/7=5.7 F=10/5.7 =1.75 (This is the Maximum stress that can be applied on the material where incase of any exceeds, the material breaks) where Fy is the yield stress and F.S is the factor of safety The lifting machine is very technical to operate, and in order to operate the machine, there must be a technical training that should me made to any person operating the lifting machine. It order to operate the two post above ground lift, the following are the step by step guide that is very crucial and worthy knowing before operation of the machine. Get to know and understand the maximum weight limit of the load of the adaptors and the lift. It is not advisable to overload past the standard that the manufacturer of the machine indicated. Place the vehicle in a position that the centre of the gravity may be balanced on top of the lift in accordance with the recommendation that are given by the manufacturer of the two post above ground. It is advisable to check the clearances of the overhead before the lifting is done, check the antennas of the vehicle, its signs and attachments too. Ensure that inside the car, there is no one , shut the door , trunk and the hood before raising the car. While raising the car, make sure that people are at least 2m away from the car that is being lifted by the two post above ground lift. Make sure that a daily check of safety is done to all components that the lift has before using the lift. Make sure that a personal protective equipment which in this case can be called PPE is worn. This is when working on a raised vehicle The above drawing is the drawing of the two post above the ground in a 2D form using the auto CAD drawing software . All the details of the garage are placed in a 2D from the 3D picture. In order to perfectly lift the vehicle to the respected position , the following are the procedure which must be followed: First , the transmission is placed in a central position and the ignition put off, the door of the car should be closed and make sure that any other overhead distractions are not there, this distractions might include the aerials of the radio or any other distractions. The pads are then supposed to be placed in a proper location which is under the contact point which is recommended Before lifting the vehicle, make sure that the automatic chock device which is on the drive on lifts are well placed and also should be made sure that the permanent block they are enough to stop the vehicle. Lift up the vehicle until its wheels are all up from the floor, this should be about 30 cm to one feet. Recheck that the contact pads are accurately placed and that the mass is never positioned and put on the vehicle parts that could end up damaging the vehicle body. Pull down the vehicle, make sure that the vehicle is well placed on a lift, this is done before any further lifting is done. In case the vehicle is not well positioned or maybe the vehicle looks like it might slide when raised. The lift should not be lifted very fast to the uppermost position or being banged, this is not allowed but instead, lift up the vehicle very slowly especially for the last like 30cm or around 1.6 fts. When the lift is banged, this will make the seal bolts get stretched and can allow the leakage of the oil. After that, lock the lift using the locking device which is mechanical in nature or rather the proposed jack stand can be used to lock up the lift. For this, you should make sure that you understands all the situations that might resulting to changing in the centre of gravity of the vehicle and might cause the falling down of the vehicle. That is, removing the cargo which is in the vehicle if the cargo can shift without expectations. You are also expected to follow in latter the recommendations which are made by the manufacturer in regard the removal of the heavy materials and loads like the engine and any other material which is very heavy and can cause the change in the CoG. It should also be noted that the installation and the removal of the parts of the vehicle might result to change in the centre of gravity hence making the vehicle to become very much unstable. When need to lower down the vehicle, the following is the procedure of doing the same: First, make sure that there is no jacks, tool or equipment or any other objection that might be present under the lift. Ensure that everybody that was there during the process is there and standing in a clear location just before lowering down the lift. Then lower the vehicle smoothly and slowly and also make sure that the lift has gone in its lowest position possible, (Brooks, 1934).Adjust the arm and supports of the lift , make sure that you remove the chocks as required. This will make sure that the vehicle is moved with no getting into the parts of the lift especially when the vehicle is driven away. Ensure that the vehicle is lowered to the ground before entering are again. Conclusion From the above , the auto CAD is used to draw the 2D of a 3D picture. For the above garage, it was therefore possible to construct a 2D drawing that recaptures the whole two post above the ground in the garage. Being also great to learn on how to make the drawing, it become also good to know how the processes in the garage take s place. The two post above the ground has to be operated by experts who have the knowhow on how to go about the precautions of the machine. The procedure have to be followed strictly in accordance with the companies recommendations and also according to the conditions of operation that are laid down. The lifting machine lifts vehicles above the ground in order for all operation that are supposed to be taken under the vehicle should take place without any problems and obstructions. This machine is very much of help to mechanical engineers and also automobile engineers as it helps them get into focus with the underneath of the vehicles comfortably. The garages are supposed to be developed in a location that is not near the waters and on the ground that is above the water table of the ground that is rocky. Bibliography Ackermann, B., etzler,C. (2014). Distributed generation : a definition 1. Electric power system research. Akorede, M., Hizan, H. (2011). Effective method for optimal allocation of distributed generation units in method electric power system. IET generation transmission. Brooks, W. (1934). U.S Patent No. 1,948.951. Washington DC: U.S patent trademark Ofiice. Hobbs, B., Anderson, G. (2010). Strategic gaming analysis for electric power system. MPEC publishers.

Paper for the Film A Day without a Mexican

The film A Day without a Mexican directed by Sergio Arau and released in 2004 represents a satiric view of the state California without the Mexican population in it, touching upon rather serious philosophical and anthropological issues of relationships of various ethnical groups in a multi-national society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Paper for the Film A Day without a Mexican specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development of the plot lines of the movie which shows the chaos in the community after one ethnical group as one of its integral elements has disappeared can be explained with the theoretical principles of structural functionalism. The structural functionalism is a broad anthropological view on the society as a set of interrelated components. The elements of the society include customs, traditions, norms and beliefs as well as institutions and social groups. Herbert Spencer as one of the proponents of this approach compared the whole society to a human body and its elements to the organs of this body which are interconnected and disease and especially amputation of one of them will have a significant impact on the state of the whole organism. The main goal of the author of the scenario was to show the changes in citizens’ attitude towards Mexicans after they disappeared. The disappearance of the 13 million of Mexicans, including both immigrants and US citizens, divided the plot into two parts: before and after disappearance. The first episodes of the film show the disrespectful attitude of Americans to Latinos. The senator does not want a Mexican woman to work as a nanny at his house, being afraid of his reputation. When a Mexican man saves life of an American boy, killing a serpent, the boy’s father does not want even to express his gratitude even realizing that his child’s life was at stake, the man refuses to say thanks in Mexican. Though the authorâ₠¬â„¢s idea of disappearance of the whole ethnic group sounds unrealistic, this approach was effective for contrasting the people’s relations before and after Mexicans disappeared and returned to California for developing the ideas of structural functionalism theories. Showing the changes and chaos in the society after the mysterious disappearance of people, the author points at the significant role which Mexicans play in the community.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important that despite the widely spread misconceptions, not all the disappeared Mexicans were serving men or worked on physical labor jobs. Among the Mexican characters there was a singer, TV reporters and even a candidate for a position of a governor. It seems that before their disappearance people did not notice that Latinos played such an important role in the life of the society. It is interesting that the disappearance is shown as a gradual process, the scenes in which Mexicans disappear one by one, leaving the working machines were terrifying. Along with the development of the cross-cultural plot line, the author sheds light upon various socio-cultural processes in the society, showing the reaction of different people to the mysterious disappearance of Mexicans. The people demonstrate their inner self, reacting to the event. Some of them try to take advantage of the situation. The senator incorporates the Mexican issue into his pre-election program. The author’s irony is expressed in the assertion of one of the characters that the anti-immigrant campaign helped him to become a senator and the incidence with the disappeared Mexicans could help him to become a governor. Comics used the event in their jokes, and one of them admitted that he wants his wife’s mother were a Mexican and disappeared. The advertisers used the issue for their purposes, using the theme o f disappearance of Mexicans for their discounting program, admitting that their goods disappear like animals because of their low prices. The disappearance of the ethnic group was a noticeable event which had impact on all the spheres of life of California citizens, including those of politics, television and advertising industry, not to mention the personal lives of those who lost their close friends and members of their families. Though there were a wide range of explanations for the mysterious disappearance, the author does not support either of them, focusing on the outcome of the event instead of its reasons. The versions of the reasons of disappearance ranging from religious motives to genetics engineering demonstrate the current level of the development of the society and various movements in it. Thus, while some of the visitors under the window of Lila, the only Mexican girl who remained in whole California, sang songs, naming her saint, others threatened and damned her. Mak ing the come back of the Mexicans as mysterious and unexpected as their disappearance, the author emphasizes the importance of the structural changes in the society caused by the lack of an only element instead of developing some of the versions. The principles of structural functionalism are helpful for explaining the main plot lines in the film A Day without a Mexican directed by Sergio Arau. The disappearance of one ethnic group resulted in immense changes and echoed in all spheres of life of the community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Paper for the Film A Day without a Mexican specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bibliography A Day without a Mexican. Dir. Sergio Arau. Perf. Sergio Arau, Yarelli Arizmendi, Sergio Guerrero. Altavista Films, 2004. Film. A screen shot of the opening scene of the movie This essay on Paper for the Film A Day without a Mexican was written and submitted by user Jefferson Bradford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Comparison between the essays

Comparison between the essays In Mirror by Sylvia Plath, the poem is about a mirror telling the reader about itself and its life. The woman has had the mirror all her life and so it has watched her grow up. Its mostly about the nature of reality and truth. Plath uses the mirror in the poem to open up a hidden view of her own reality that no one has ever seen before. The poem is written in first person, and because it is a mirror and has no idea of what things may be like, it shows things as they are without changing them in order to please or disappoint people. The mirror tells the reader about the loneliness it feels being separated from the outside world. The woman appears to be searching for more answers about her and her life. then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon... The candles and moon are described as liars in the poem, these are items of romance, the woman feels as though romance and love are lies. Every morning as the light comes, the mirror sees the woman, and every morning she grows older. The mirror can remember the woman as a young girl, and because she has now grown up, the image of the young girl is a mere memory that has died, and gradually the older version of the woman will do the same. ...drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman rises towards her day after day The woman in this story gives the reader a feeling of her being trapped by herself and of her aging, she cannot escape getting older. In My Grandmother by Elizabeth Jennings, the relationship between the granddaughter and her grandmother is very distant. She was afraid to get too close to her grandmother, as if she felt that if she did, she may get treated like one of her grandmothers antiques, used and named a possession. I remember how I once refused to go out with her, since I was afraid. In the shop, among all the Apostle Spoons (spoon in sets depicting the Twelve Apostles) and Bristo...

movie research paper

movie research paper movie research paper Corina Gracia Comp 1 Professor Jackson March 20, 2012 The Book of Eli The Book of Eli is a Post-Apocalyptic action movie Written in 2007 by Gary Whitta and subsequently rewritten in 2008 by Tony Peckham. This movie has some details that make of this movie different, and interesting. With starring of Denzel Washington as Eli and Gary Oldman as Carnegie we would begin to feel, compassion and anger. The character Eli is a very strong person but he also is manner, and pacifist. In the case of Carnegie it is totally the opposite, he is a controller, abuser and is obsessed with a book in order to control the town. However, this two characters are very well development, throughout the movie they reveals their abilities, and limits to defend or obtain a mysterious book. The Book of Eli was filmed in New Mexico in 2009 and was directed by Allen and Albert Hughes. The movie took place in the future after a nuclear war. The war left the new world desolated. Many things from the â€Å"old world† were lost, such as knowledge of how to read or write, peace, j obs, and etcetera. Also money did not existed people interchange articles for favor or other goods. The water is a treasure and was very hard to find and obtain, and due to the lack of food, there were many cannibals in the region. That world was such a mess, it looked like a desert, and many things and buildings were destroyed. As a consequence, of the war ignorance was very present in young people. The â€Å"evil persons† wanted to take control over the world, but they need to have very mysterious and powerful book. Eli’s mission is to protect it from everything and everyone; even to kill if was need it. The story starts thirty years after a post-apocalyptic war, Eli was told by a voice to take the book and to deliver a copy to a safe location in the West Coast of the United States. Throughout the movie Eli show his survival abilities, and also why he was the chosen. Eli’s way to think was different, as is his way to live. He is a nomad person who chose to accept the mission. He has surprising abilities such as good listener and smeller, quick hand with knives, guns, and etcetera. In comparison with other characters he has something special and never seen in a post-apocalyptic, like the messiah type before. After the long walk of thirty years, Eli faces his opponent Carnegie who is the leader of the hijackers, he proclaims himself as the ruler of a dusty village. He knows perfectly about the power that the book has in order to bend the people to his will. What makes the movie more unique is the way that the twins, Allen and Albert Hughes made some comic book scenes when Eliâ €™s battle showed entirely in silhouette. The movie has an interesting sunburn browns and pale blues that creates a dry and dusty world under a merciless sky. Being a post-apocalyptic movie it has some biblical references in the book of genesis, psalms and revelations in some scene. In addition some scenes can also be referred to Moses when he was going to the Promised Land, and God sustained his people. In comparison with Jesus, his mission was to â€Å"be the one who save the new generation†. Another aspects of the movie are irony and personification; an example of irony was when Eli gives the mouse a piece of roasted cat. And an example of personification was at the end when Eli arrives to the West and the color change more vivid meaning the end of an era. Allen and Albert Hughes have not shot a film since 2001 with the movie â€Å"From Helen†. Both movies are violent and have bloody action scenes. On the other hand, it was wonderful to see two powerful actors on the same screenplay.

Animal Liberation Front Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Animal Liberation Front - Research Paper Example Finally, the report has stated that how the activities of ALF cannot be compared with the activities of other extremist terrorist groups in this world. The Animal Liberation Front is also recognized as ALF. ALF can be acknowledged as the terrorist groups that contains domestic terrorists. ALF is an international, leaderless and underground resistance that used to involve in different types of illegal direct actions in the pursuit of the animal liberation. This terrorist group believes in direct action. In addition to this, this terrorist organization has activity in more than 40 countries. ALF can be considered under the radar of the Animal Enterprise Protection Act (AETA 2005 and AEPA 2002). The activists of Animal Liberation Front try to remove the animals from the farms and laboratories. Major motives of this group are to arrange safe housing, organize veterinary care, and destroying facilities, ensuring healthy and sustainable living of the animals. However, several critiques have compared the activists of this group to the terrorists due to their direct illegal and devastating actions. This research paper is going to determine how the AEPA 2002 and AETA 2005 have been attached or linked to the ALF. The common problem of both AEPA 2002 and AETA 2005 is to label the groups as terrorist as the individuals within these terrorist groups with a lawful message that cannot engage the terrorist aspect. Therefore, it is quite important for the researcher that whether the label of terrorism can be applied to the Animal Liberation Front. However, based on the above mentioned facts and aspects, the research question of this paper can be articulated as: The origins of the Animal Liberation Front trace back to the English Activists’ group in the late 1960s, when a British Journalist formed HSA to stop the killing and torturing of the animals. Ronnie Lee was the founder of this Animal Liberation Front. Animal

Write an editorial-style article on the role of economic strength in Essay

Write an editorial-style article on the role of economic strength in natural disasters - Essay Example But in more modern economies, a natural disaster actually appears to have the potential to improve the economy of a nation. Bennett (2) points to the Sichuan, China earthquake that killed nearly 80,000 people in 2008. Official governmental records show that the economy actually grew at a faster than normal rate for the area affected by the earthquake. While economic statistics from the central government in China are notoriously inaccurate, there is little doubt that the economy did actually grow in the short and the long term during the months after the earthquake. With long-term economic growth in mind, how should wealthy nations use this information when considering how to provide aid in the aftermath of a natural disaster? A study of the economics of recovery has revealed that there is a dark side to international aid. Klein (3) represents the more radical edge of this belief. She claims that free markets do not spread capitalism. Rather, NGO’s and governments taking advantage of societies shocked by the ravages of a natural disaster spread capitalism. Natural disasters are actually seen as growth opportunities by these organizations. Perhaps a less cynical and more powerful article focuses on a recent study by Hideki and Skidmore (4) that attempts to quantify the long-term economic benefits of post-disaster relief. What these researchers found is that of 89 countries experiencing natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and hurricanes, the countries that had the most natural disasters actually had the greatest economic growth over several decades. The reason for this may lie in the fact that the improved economic conditions come from replacing outdated factories and infrastructure with newer, more efficient and productive infrastructure. So, in a way, natural disasters can be a sort of economic boon if some of the aid money is directed and used with an eye to the economic future

Robin Hood Strategy Essay Example for Free

Robin Hood Strategy Essay Please find my summary for the pre-assignment tasks in this memo. The assignment was to read three chapters of Robert M. Grant’s â€Å"Contemporary strategy analysis, read two articles and answer the mentioned questions: Mini-case: Robin Hood. Does Robin Hood require a new strategy? What should Robin Hoods strategy be? Why? To start with, let’s give a bit of a background for Robin Hood and his band of Merrymen. The organizational structure of the Merrymen is a typical top-down management, with Robin Hood as the leader and a few lieutenants reporting to him working in intelligence, discipline, finances and provisioning. The growing organization and Robin Hood’s personal vendetta are the basis for many of the problems the Merrymen are facing. Merrymen’s strategy is simple: take from the rich and give to the poor, which differentiates the group from its major competition who does the opposite, making Robin Hood’s â€Å"customers† love the product they have to offer. Therefore one could say that Merrymen’s competitive approach is based on differentiation. What has made them successful so far? It has all started with Robin Hood’s unique leadership skills, Robin is a very strong and appealing leader. The organization would not have been born without him. What makes Merrymen succeed today is their vast resources (they have scale) and talent (unique expertise in robbing people). Another factor is quick knowledge transfer for the new recruits, transferring the robbing skills to newly joined members and getting them to be productive quickly after onboarding. Their image/brand is such an attractive one that they are not facing major challenges in recruiting new people. Word of mouth carries the message quickly and there are lots of potential new comers joining the Merrymen. The work force is low cost, all they pretty much need is food and shelter. One of the major weaknesses is Robin’s personal grudge with the sheriff. It is a key risk for the leader potentially not being able to see the big picture and focus on what is good for the whole organization. Even though this seemed to be the starting point for the organization to be formed the goals for the organization are now much bigger and the strategy must evolve accordingly. It is not uncommon that the strength of an organization is also their weakness. In order to build scale, Merrymen had to change their recruitment strategy. Merrymen used to be quite picky in selecting the candidates but now they are welcoming almost anyone to join. This has led to several challenges, one of them being that they are exceeding the resources for food that the nearby forest provides leading them to spend lots of time and energy in risky ventures looking for food and having to use their finances to purchase food. The second issue is the change in recruitment policy which has led to a decline in discipline and vigilance. Naturally the space is becoming an issue as well as the group expands continuously. The financials are hit also because of looting becoming more challenging. The merchants who previously traveled the woods are now avoiding them, keeping the Merrymen from looting their goods leading Robin Hood wondering what can their new funding strategy be, could it be taxation? Should they take a huge risk and try to free King Richard, risking the fact that they might go against not just one sheriff and his men but also Prince John and his army? Recommendations for the Merrymen I would not recommend Merrymen to do major changes to the current strategy, such as freeing King Richard or trying to kill the sheriff. Merrymen should continue building on their strengths and the focus should be in executing better and starting with changing their recruitment and training policies. They shouldn’t recruit just anyone but focus in acquiring talent. If food is an issue they should recruit skilled farmers and start building a self-sufficient ecosystem to the woods, as it used to be. Their organization has also grown rapidly and seems that a re-org would be needed. They will need more structure and better management to their org to bring back the discipline and to ensure successful execution. They should introduce more specialized teams with their own leaders (such as farmers, special ops, archers etc. ) and focus more on better training and knowledge sharing inside the more specialized teams. Their financials are going down and that has to be fixed by saving money (potentially letting some of the Merrymen go? ) and going where the money is i. e looting further away from the forests, creating new â€Å"sites† for the Merrymen in different woods might be a good idea to ensure continuous cash flow. To manage the external threats they must invest into spying what the sheriff is up to and where the next raids might be happening. To conclude: don’t change the strategy, keep calm and improve the execution. Case Study: Husky Injection Molding Systems. Why has Husky enjoyed greater profit margins than its competitors? Is Huskys profitability currently threatened? The primary reason for Husky’s success is the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) industry niche and focusing to it at the right time, exactly when soft drink makers started to use plastic bottles and here Husky had the first mover advantage. Husky was clearly a differentiator and innovator in this market. Husky provided its customers with the complete and comprehensive manufacturing solutions by producing both products and services. The products were innovative, long lasting and efficient. Husky also provided its customers a worldwide professional service to ensure the customers get the best out of the products. Husky managed to make competitors entry to the market very challenging for a long time because of their high performing products and excellent service. Now the challenges faced are the shortage of resin and new entries coming to compete in the market. The shortage of PET resin has led to decreasing demand for injection molding systems hurting Husky’s business. This is likely a temporary situation as resin makers are increasing their capacity. It’s also good to note that all companies in the same business are facing this same challenge. The main challenge is the new competitors trying to make an entry to the PET preform business. These are low-cost competitors who apparently are able to modify â€Å"mainstream machines to suit the preform application† as the article says. The competitors will be an attractive option for customers who focus more in lowering costs. The new competitors will threaten Husky’s profitability and it is clear that they need to react to it, perhaps by trying to produce different sorts of machines : both for the customers interested in low cost but at the same time keep producing the high performance machines. Producing high performance machines would be important to build the brand and would help selling the low costs machines as well, comparable situation to mobile phones business where many vendors produce high end devices to build the brand while they actually make the money from cheaper products that are sold in masses.

Okay to Digital Violence :: essays research papers

2500 years ago the Romans were the most powerful civilization on earth, their global power hadn’t been met until the 20th century. When the Romans wanted entertainment they turned to violence. They would have gladiators covered in armor wielding sharp swords fight till the death for entertainment. During the 1500’s the French would behead a criminal publicly to show the citizens how powerful the law was and also for their entertainment. The turn of the century is almost here and such violent acts have all but been abolished. These acts are considered barbaric and we think of ourselves as a more peaceful race. Humans in general are not peaceful in nature, we have always been violent and we shouldn’t try to change our nature as drastically as we have done. There are going to be side effects that we aren’t aware of if we try to remove this important part of our nature. Humans need some form of violence to help cope with stress and the everyday hassles we have created for ourselves. Now with new technology and faster computers we no longer need to injure someone to get that needed amount of violence. Simulated violence is a more humane way of dealing with such problems. Groups of people should partake in sessions of simulated violence to get the dosage of violence they need. When I speak of simulated violence I speak of video games and more specifically multi-player video games. A single-player video game is one where a single person is engaged against the computer. This form of play can help relive stress but not nearly as much as a multi-player game. A multi-player game is one where at least 2 people are playing against each other. Multi-player games highly satisfy the need for violence because it becomes easy to show aggression against someone with injury or personal harm. I have been a player of these games since I was younger and I have participated in many multi-player games. The games I have been evolved in mostly had at least 3 players and are generally at night and during the weekend. Games consisting of only 2 players aren’t played as frequently as a game with more simply because they aren’t as entertaining.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A session of playing will start almost whenever there are a few men in the vicinity of a playing console. The game playing can usually become the centerpiece of a small party, enabling the players to enjoy playing and all bystanders to watch what unfolds while waiting their turn.

“Mythology” by Edith Hamilton

â€Å"Mythology† By Edith Hamilton Mythology is mainly known for the pagan religions that dominated Europe during the times of the Greek and Roman Empires. The main pagan religion being that of the Greek gods like Zeus, Hera, Ares, and Hercules which was the most prevalent and accepted amongst Europeans at the time. The religions although very harsh and unforgiving were prevalent because the people needed a strong spiritual source to depend on. The people needed a sense of unity in order to have their rising civilizations succeed. The people need someone to blame for the many negative things that may have happened during their times.All of these things contributed to the success and need for the pagan religions in Europe. The Greek pagan gods were a very harsh and unforgiving lot. Zeus the father of the gods along with his brothers betrayed and banished his father Kronos after he tried to devour them all. Zeus then tricked his brother Hades into being the master of the Underwo rld where only death and sorrow prevailed and Poseidon the king of the Oceans. He then proceeded to make himself the ruler of the gods effectively making sure he wasn’t challenged as he ruled from the heavens.In the same way the people of the Greek and Roman empires pursued power and fame. The Greek city states warred with each other endlessly, constantly making and breaking alliances in order to gain the upper hand in the name of their respective god or gods. The two gods who were the cause of the greatest of catastrophes were Athena and Ares. Which were the gods of the city states of Sparta and Athens. Both of the city states believed that their god was superior and that they should in turn rule over the other Greek city states and all the other lesser gods.This led to great conflicts between the two nations which in mythology is depicted by the grand arguments and betrayals that Athena and Ares committed on one another. The people always praised their gods and offered them bountiful gifts and sacrifices. They believed that in doing this the gods would grant them the ability to win any war or avoid any catastrophe. With this feeling of superiority and divine intervention they felt invincible and so always went out to carve out their empires at the expense of lives and money.Because of all the bloodshed brought forth from the different gods and different cultures ending in wars it was necessary for the Greek and Roman city states to have gods that were strong and merciless. The people needed to know that their god would not allow any other nation or god to harm his people or disturb his domain. Anywhere where the dominant god was not of a warrior personality city states fell to more aggressive ones and anywhere that these aggressive city states went they carved out territories and imposed even greater control of entire regions. A weak god was indeed a weakness and a strong, merciless one was indeed the way to go.

Style, Tone, & Mood in Landlady

STYLE, TONE, AND MOOD IN LANDLADY Prose 1 Arief Febriyanto63708028 Moch Fajar Akbar63708014 Willi Adjie63706897 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS INDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF COMPUTER 2011 STYLE, TONE, AND MOOD 1. STYLE Style is the use of literary devices, tone, and mood in a particular way that makes author’s writing recognizable. In another word, the style of writing is the style of author who writes it. The author’s style can be recognized by the following components: †¢ Personal word choice or vocabulary †¢ Types of sentences Point of view from which the text is told †¢ Organization of the text To analyze an author style, we need to consider the point of view, formal or informal writing, structure of text, level of complexity in the writing, and overall tone. By using these features in writing, different meaning of the content are shown to the audience. Categories of Style Formal Style The following are some characters of formal style: †¢ Vocabul ary: high-level; business-like †¢ Organization of text: very structured; perhaps with subtopics †¢ Audience – usually 3rd-omnisicient point of view Sentences: structure varies (simple sentence/compound sentence/complex sentence) Informal Style The following are some characters of informal style: †¢ Vocabulary: low-level; perhaps slang; dialogue style †¢ Organization of text: more so narrative or note-like †¢ Audience: usually personal (more first or third-limited point of view) †¢ Sentences: mostly simple or compound sentences Organization of Text Writing is organized in various ways, depending upon the author’s purpose: to inform, to entertain, to express a belief or opinion, and to persuade. Text usually falls within one of these types of organizational patterns: †¢ Cause – Effect †¢ Problem – Solution †¢ Chronological (sequencing the order of events) †¢ Compare/Contrast †¢ Inductive (specific to general) †¢ Deductive (general to specific) †¢ Division into categories †¢ Ranking 2. TONE Tone is the author’s attitude toward the writing (his characters, the situation) and the readers. A work of writing can have more than one tone. An example of tone could be both serious and humorous. Tone is set by the setting, choice of vocabulary and other details. Identifying the tone is all about knowing the definitions of many descriptive vocabulary words. In literature an author sets the tone through words. The possible tones are as boundless as the number of possible emotions a human being can have. Has anyone ever said to you, â€Å"Don't use that tone of voice with me? † Your tone can change the meaning of what you say. Tone can turn a statement like, â€Å"You're a big help! † into a genuine compliment or a cruel sarcastic remark. It depends on the context of the story. 3. MOOD Mood is the general atmosphere created by the author’s words. It is the feeling the reader gets from reading those words. It may be the same, or it may change from situation to situation. Mood is the emotions that you (the reader) feel while you are reading. Some literature makes you feel sad, others joyful, still others, angry. The main purpose for some poems is to set a mood. Writers use many devices to create mood, including images, dialogue, setting, and plot. Often a writer creates a mood at the beginning of the story and continues it to the end. However, sometimes the mood changes because of the plot or changes in characters. Examples of moods include: suspenseful, joyful, depressing, excited, anxious, angry, sad, tense, lonely, suspicious, frightened, disgusted, etc. STYLE, TONE, AND MOOD OF LANDLADY 1. STYLE OF LANDLADY Informal style is applied in the short story Landlady. The style can be recognized by these components below: †¢ Personal word choice or vocabulary: The short story Landlady uses low level vocabulary many dialogues. Example: .. he got to Bath.. , But the air was deadly cold†¦, and â€Å"Well, you see†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . †¢ Types of sentences: Types of sentences used in Landlady mostly are simple and compound sentences Example: Billy was seventeen years old. He was wearing a new navy blue overcoat, a new brown trilby hat, and a new brown suit, and he was feeling fine. †¢ Point of view: The short story Landlady uses third person limited point of view. This use is to hide the intention of the landlady character which is to kill Billy Weaver character. For comparison, if the author uses the first person point of view so that the intention will reveal since the beginning of the story. Organization of the text: Narrative style is used in the short story Landlady. 2. TONE OF LANDLADY Some tones that are in the short story Landlady are as the following: ? â€Å"†¦nine o'clock in the evening and the moon was coming up out of a clear starry sky. But the air was deadly cold and the wind was like a flat blade of ice on his cheeks. † shows a sinister tone. ? â€Å"even in the darkness, he could see that the paint was peeling from the woodwork on their doors and windows, and that the handsome white facades were cracked and blotchy from neglect. † shows a scary tone. â€Å"He had never stayed in any boarding houses, and, to be perfectly honest, he was a tiny bit frightened of them. † shows a fear tone. ? â€Å"BED AND BREAKFAST, it said. BED AND BREAKFAST, BED AND BREAKFAST, BED AND BREAKFAST. Each word was like a large black eye staring at him through the glass, holding him compelling him. † shows a queer or weird tone. ? â€Å"she gave him a warm welcoming smile. † shows a gracious tone. ? â€Å"She seemed terribly nice. She looked exactly like the mother of one's best school-friend welcoming one into the house to stay for the Christmas holidays. shows a gracious tone. 3. MOOD OF LANDLADY There are two moods created in the short story Landlady; suspicious and surprising. Here are some parts of the story that lead us to feel suspicious: †¢ â€Å"I was wondering about a room. † â€Å"It's all ready for you, my dear,† she said. †¢ â€Å"I should've thought you'd be simply swamped with applicants,† he said politely. â€Å"Oh, I am, my dear, I am, of course I am. But the trouble is that I'm inclined to be just a teeny weeny bit choosy and particular; if you see what I mean†. †¢ â€Å"But I'm always ready. Every ­thing is always ready day and night in this house just on the off? chance that an acceptable young gentleman will come along. And it is such a pleasure, my dear, such a very great pleasure when now and again I open the door and I see someone standing there who is just exactly right. † She was half? way up the stairs, and she paused with one hand on the stair? rail, turning her head and smiling down at him with pale lips. â€Å"Like you,† she added, and her blue eyes travelled slowly all the way down the length of Billy's body, to his feet, and then up again. †¢ â€Å"Well, you see ? oth of these names, Mulholland and Temple, I not only seem to remember each one of them separately, so to speak, but somehow or other, in some peculiar way, they both appear to be sort of connected together as well. As though they were both famous for the same sort of thing, if you see what I mean ? like . . . well . . . like Dempsey and Tunney, for example, or Churchill and Ro os ­evelt. † â€Å"How amusing,† she said. †¢ Now and again, he caught a whiff of a peculiar smell that seemed to emanate directly from her person. It was not in the least unplea ­sant, and it reminded him ? ell, he wasn't quite sure what it reminded him of. Pickled walnuts? New leather? Or was it the corridors of a hospital? Here are some parts of the story that lead us to feel surprising: †¢ â€Å"But my dear boy, he never left. He's still here. Mr Temple is also here. They're on the third floor, both of them together. † †¢ â€Å"Excuse my asking, but haven't there been any other guests here accept them in the last two or three years? † â€Å"No, my dear,† she said. â€Å"Only you. † ———————– TONE: the way feelings are expressed MOOD: (sometimes called atmosphere) the overall feeling of the work

Juan Sebastián Elcano, Ferdinand Magellans Replacement

Juan Sebastin Elcano, Ferdinand Magellan's Replacement Juan Sebastin Elcano (1487–August 4, 1526) was a Spanish (Basque) sailor, navigator, and explorer best remembered for leading the second half of the first round-the-world navigation, having taken over after the death of Ferdinand Magellan. Upon his return to Spain, the King presented him with a coat of arms that contained a globe and the phrase: â€Å"You Went Around Me First.† Fast Facts: Juan Sebastian Elcano Known For: Leading the second half of Ferdinand Magellans first round-the-world navigation after Magellan diedBorn: 1487 in Guetaria, a fishing village in Gipuzkoa, SpainParents: Domingo Sebastian de Elcano and Dona Catalina del PuertoDied: August 4, 1526 at sea (Pacific Ocean)Spouse: NoneChildren: A son Domingo del Cano by Mari Hernandez de Hernialde and an unnamed daughter by Maria de Vidaurreta of Valladolid Early Life Juan Sebastin Elcano (in Basque; the Spanish spelling of his name is written as del Cano) was born in 1487 in Guetaria, a fishing village in the Guipuzcoa province of Spain. He was the eldest of nine children of Domingo Sebastian de Elcano and Dona Catalina del Puerto. He was related to the Gaiza de Arzaus and Ibarrola families, who held important positions in the Casa de Contratacion in Seville, the Spanish crowns agency for the Spanish empire, a thin but later useful family connection. Elcano and his brothers became seafarers, learning navigation by ferrying contraband goods to French ports. He was an adventurer, fighting with the Spanish Army in Algiers and Italy before settling down as captain/owner of a merchant ship. As a young man, however, he led a prodigal and wayward life and often had more debts than money to pay them. Italian companies demanded that he surrender his ship to cover his debts, but he later found he had broken Spanish law by doing so and had to ask the king for a pardon. Young King Charles V agreed, but on the condition that the skilled sailor and navigator (with good connections) serve with an expedition the king was funding: the search for a new route to the Spice Islands, led by Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan. The Magellan Expedition Elcano was given the position of ship’s master on board the Concepcià ³n, one of five ships making up the fleet. Magellan believed that the globe was smaller than it actually is and that a shortcut to the Spice Islands (now known as the Maluku Islands in present-day Indonesia) was possible by going through the New World. Spices such as cinnamon and cloves were immensely valuable in Europe at the time and a shorter route would be worth a fortune to whoever found it. The fleet set sail in September 1519 and made its way to Brazil, avoiding Portuguese settlements due to hostilities between the Spanish and Portuguese. As the fleet made its way south along the coast of South America looking for a passage west, Magellan decided to call a halt in the sheltered bay of San Julin because he feared continuing on in bad weather. Left idle, the men began to talk of mutiny and returning to Spain. Elcano was a willing participant and had by then assumed command of the ship San Antonio. At one point, Magellan ordered his flagship to fire on the San Antonio. In the end, Magellan put down the mutiny and had many of the leaders killed or marooned. Elcano and others were pardoned, but not until after a period of forced labor on the mainland. To the Pacific Around this time, Magellan lost two ships: the San Antonio returned to Spain (without permission) and the Santiago sank, although all of the sailors were rescued. By this time, Elcano was captain of the Concepcià ³n, a decision by Magellan that probably had much to do with the fact that the other experienced ships captains had been executed or marooned after the mutiny or had gone back to Spain with the San Antonio. In October–November 1520, the fleet explored the islands and waterways at the southern tip of South America, eventually finding a passage through what is known today as the Strait of Magellan. According to Magellan’s calculations, the Spice Islands should have only been a few days of sailing away. He was badly mistaken: his ships took four months to cross the South Pacific. Conditions were miserable on board and several men died before the fleet reached Guam and the Marianas Islands and were able to resupply. Continuing westward, they reached the present-day Philippines in early 1521. Magellan found he could communicate with the natives through one of his men, who spoke Malay: they had reached the eastern edge of the world known to Europe. Death of Magellan In the Philippines, Magellan befriended the King of Zzubu, who was eventually baptized with the name of â€Å"Don Carlos.† Unfortunately, Don Carlos convinced Magellan to attack a rival chieftain for him, and Magellan was one of several Europeans killed in the ensuing battle. Magellan was succeeded by Duarte Barbosa and Juan Serrao, but both were treacherously killed by â€Å"Don Carlos† within a few days. Elcano was now second in command of the Victoria, under Juan Carvalho. Low on men, they decided to scuttle the Concepcià ³n and head back to Spain in the two remaining ships: the Trinidad and the Victoria. Return to Spain Heading across the Indian Ocean, the two ships made a stop in Borneo before finding themselves at the Spice Islands, their original goal. Packed with valuable spices, the ships set out again. About this time, Elcano replaced Carvalho as captain of the Victoria. The Trinidad soon had to return to the Spice Islands, however, as it was leaking badly and eventually sank. Many of the Trinidad’s sailors were captured by the Portuguese, although a handful managed to find their way to India and from there back to Spain. The Victoria sailed on cautiously, as they had gotten word that a Portuguese fleet was looking for them. Miraculously evading the Portuguese, Elcano sailed the Victoria back into Spain on September 6, 1522. By then, the ship was crewed by only 22 men: 18 European survivors of the voyage and four Asians they had picked up en route. The rest had died, deserted or, in some cases, been left behind as unworthy of sharing in the spoils of the rich cargo of spices. The King of Spain received Elcano and granted him a coat of arms bearing a globe and the Latin phrase Primus circumdedisti me, or â€Å"You Went Around Me First.† Death and Legacy In 1525, Elcano was picked to be the chief navigator for a new expedition led by the Spanish nobleman Garcà ­a Jofre de Loaà ­sa, who intended to retrace Magellan’s route and establish a permanent colony in the Spice Islands. The expedition was a fiasco: of seven ships, only one made it to the Spice Islands, and most of the leaders, including Elcano, perished of malnutrition during the arduous Pacific crossing. Elcano wrote a last will and testament, leaving money to his two illegitimate children and their mothers back in Spain, and died on August 4, 1526. Because of his elevation to noble status upon his return from the Magellan expedition, Elcano’s descendants continued to hold the title of Marquis for some time after his death. As for Elcano himself, he has unfortunately been mostly forgotten by history, as Magellan still gets all the credit for the first circumnavigation of the globe. Elcano, although well-known to historians of the Age of Exploration (or Age of Discovery), is little more than a trivia question to most, although there is a statue of him in his hometown of Getaria, Spain and the Spanish Navy once named a ship after him. Sources Fernandez de Navarrete, Eustaquio. Historia De Juan Sebastian Del Cano. Nicholas de Soraluce y Zubizarreta, 1872. Mariciano, R. De Borja. Basques in the Philippines. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2005. Sebastian del Cano, Juan. Original of the Testament of Juan Sebastian Del Cano Made on Board the Ship, Victoria, One of the Ships of Comendador Garcia De Loaysa on Its Way to the South Sea. The Philippines under Spain; a Compilation and Translation of Original Documents. Book 1 (1518-1565): The Voyages of Discovery. Eds. Benitez Licuanan, Virginia and Josà © Llavador Mira. Manila: National Trust for Historical and Cultural Preservation of the Philippines, 1526 (1990). Thomas, Hugh. Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. 1st edition, Random House, June 1, 2004.

Free Essays on The Giver

Imagine living in a world with no color and no feelings. That is what’s happening in a seemingly perfect world that Jonas is living in. Jonas is a boy in a community where there is no pain and no feelings; Jonas feels peculiar in this community. Then Jonas is very surprised by his chosen job. He becomes the new receiver of memories this bring many adventures, burdens, & new sensations to Jonas. This is what happens in Lois Lowry’s 165 page Newberry winner titled, The Giver. The Giver is about a boy named Jonas who lives in the future in an almost perfect community. Jonas is chosen to be the person who carries all the memories of the past, given to him by the giver... There are many good and bad things in The Giver. Some good things are that hardly anyone gets hurt. When people do get hurt they take a pill and the pain goes right away. No one ever breaks bones or anything. There are no criminals, and there are no locks on any homes or buildings. Another good thing is that everyone knows who everyone else. There are hardly ever any visitors from outside the community, but sometimes kids from other communities go play with the kids in the other community. All the people are provided with homes, jobs, and food. A bad thing about the giver’s community is release. When a person breaks a major rule, is too old, or isn’t right as a baby they get released. Release is killing. In the book there are twins and the smaller one has to be released. Thi s is an example of release. â€Å"His father turned and opened the cupboard. He took out a syringe and a small bottle. Very carefully he inserted the needle into the bottle and began to fill the syringe with a clear liquid. Jonas winced sympathetically. He had forgotten that new children had to get shots. He hated shots himself, though he knew they were necessary. To his surprise, his father began very carefully to direct the needle into the top of the new child’s forehead, puncturing the... Free Essays on The Giver Free Essays on The Giver Imagine living in a world with no color and no feelings. That is what’s happening in a seemingly perfect world that Jonas is living in. Jonas is a boy in a community where there is no pain and no feelings; Jonas feels peculiar in this community. Then Jonas is very surprised by his chosen job. He becomes the new receiver of memories this bring many adventures, burdens, & new sensations to Jonas. This is what happens in Lois Lowry’s 165 page Newberry winner titled, The Giver. The Giver is about a boy named Jonas who lives in the future in an almost perfect community. Jonas is chosen to be the person who carries all the memories of the past, given to him by the giver... There are many good and bad things in The Giver. Some good things are that hardly anyone gets hurt. When people do get hurt they take a pill and the pain goes right away. No one ever breaks bones or anything. There are no criminals, and there are no locks on any homes or buildings. Another good thing is that everyone knows who everyone else. There are hardly ever any visitors from outside the community, but sometimes kids from other communities go play with the kids in the other community. All the people are provided with homes, jobs, and food. A bad thing about the giver’s community is release. When a person breaks a major rule, is too old, or isn’t right as a baby they get released. Release is killing. In the book there are twins and the smaller one has to be released. Thi s is an example of release. â€Å"His father turned and opened the cupboard. He took out a syringe and a small bottle. Very carefully he inserted the needle into the bottle and began to fill the syringe with a clear liquid. Jonas winced sympathetically. He had forgotten that new children had to get shots. He hated shots himself, though he knew they were necessary. To his surprise, his father began very carefully to direct the needle into the top of the new child’s forehead, puncturing the... Free Essays on The Giver The Giver By Louis Lowry Jonas and his family live in a place that would be looked at as a dream in today’s world. A place that is â€Å"perfect† in many ways, free of war and pain. It’s a place where people see no color and remember few things from the past. At the age of twelve, kids become adults and their lives will change forever. At this date they are assigned their duty in the community and will serve until they are old. A Board of Elders observe children throughout their childhood to determine what there occupation best fits them. The Elders also make other important decisions for people, such as who they will marry and if they are capable of being good enough parents to raise a child. Jonas’ lives in a normal family for the time; his father, mother, sister, and a visiting Gabriela. Gabriela is a newborn that will have to be â€Å"released† because she failed to meet the community standards, so Jonas’ father took her home to try and get her â€Å"up to par† on everything. The family gets to know and love Gabriela and have a hard time â€Å"releasing† her. At the Ceremony of Twelve’s, the Elder’s announce the duties that the young people will carry out. They always go in alphabetical order and when it was Jonas’ turn to be assigned his duty, the Elders skip him. He did not know what this meant, but he would soon. The last name and duty was assigned but still nothing about Jonas. They saved the best for last; the job he was assigned was the most honorable in the Community, the Giver. Having the job of the Giver, Jonas, holds everybody’s memories. The Giver that is retiring and having Jonas take his place must transfer all his memories to Jonas. He does this by placing his hands on Jonas’ back then Jonas receives the memory. Jonas’ roll as the Giver is to use his knowledge to help advise the rest of the committee in shaping the future guidelines of the community. Jonas and the Giver make a plan for Jonas ... Free Essays on The Giver The Giver By Lois Lowry â€Å"The Giver† by Lois Lowry is about a community that is monitored very closely. Everything that the people of this community do is watched and recorded. They are punished for not doing something right or by the rules, and they are rewarded when done right. There is a procedure for everything, and they must follow the procedure or be punished. There is even a specific way that they are to apologize for doing something wrong. This community lives by â€Å"Sameness.† There is no color, the family units are not self-chosen, and they are picked by observing who would be the best mate. The two adults in the family unit must apply for children when they are ready, and they can only have two; one boy and one girl. There is a special ceremony that advances every child in the community, and at the ceremony, they give families that have applied for a child the one that the elders think would be the best child for them. When a child gets to be a twelve, he is given an assignmen t. This is to be the job that he or she will do for the rest of their time, until they are placed in The House of the Old. Once you have lived a long and fulfilling life, and you are ready to go, you will be released, and your name is placed back into the records to be recycled and used again on another Newchild. Unless you have done something very wrong, your name is used once you are gone. If you have committed some kind of wrongdoing, your name is never to be spoken again. The process of Release means that you are killed and taken care of. Everything in this community is run very smoothly and with very much order. This community uses euphemisms to sugar coat the harsh reality that things happen. Death happens, birth defects happen, under developing children happen. This community uses the euphemisms to make it easy for the people to the community to take it. If they don’t know exactly what â€Å"Release† is then they cannot fear it and they ...

Case Study Analysis Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Case Study Analysis - Term Paper Example has to be blamed for the current troubling scenario. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the key problems, suggests some handy solutions as well as propose suitable recommendations for the company and employees. Analysis of Carl Robins Case Study Introduction: The knowledge of workplace ethics and personal responsibilities is an integral duty of any employee. When such duties are neglected then wide-ranged problems occur. It is also true that first impressions are always the last ones, most specifically in a workplace setting. Carl Robins’ case is an important example in this regard since he forgot these basic rules and ignored many significant requirements of his post. He is a six-month old recruiter in ABC Inc. and due to his extreme professional negligence, the company is facing several drastic problems, and the newly hired employees are not properly being trained as well. Through his ignorance, Robins has proved himself incapable for this post. This paper accumulates the key issues that are threatening the organization, provides useful suggestions and alternate solutions that might help Carl Robins and ABC Inc. in eliminating this challenging situation. Situation Background: Carl Robins was hired as a recruiter in ABC Inc. only six months back, and so far he has recruited 15 new employees who are supposed to work under the Operations' Supervisor Monica Carrolls. Carrolls has made him in-charge for the orientation so that the new trainees are formally welcomed and could start work from July. Robins has scheduled the orientation date on June 15, and has selected the training hall as the venue without double checking if it is available or not. On 15th May, Carrolls inquires Robins about the basic procedures needed to be fulfilled while recruiting new employees such as their training, orientation preparations, manual's distribution, policy booklets, medical inspection, and drug screening tests. Robins assure her confidently that he has taken care of eve rything, and preparations have already been instigated for the orientation. However, post the Memorial Day holidays, he realizes that the application process is still half remaining, new employees have not filled out their forms completely, and transcripts are also not present. Moreover, they are yet to undergo the compulsory physical and drugs’ screening test and professional training. Another painful discovery was that only three copies of the orientation manual are available, and many pages containing important information are missing from the files. To add more depth to his misery, he later learns that the room has also been booked by the technology services department, for the whole month to conduct seminars. This is a very disturbing situation for Robins, because time is running out, and he is ill-prepared. Main Problems and challenges There are several significant problems that can be analyzed from the situation for this case. First, pointing out of the most obvious is sues is important because there is not much time left and problems are too many. Currently, Robins needs to find a new venue for holding the orientation, and then organize it perfectly. He needs to make sure that the 15 employees complete their forms, and that transcripts are attached to their respective files. In addition, they must go through all the official requirements, including medical examination and drug's test and training before 15th June. Orientation manual also requires proper completion before the scheduled event.

How does globalisation impact on the management of Chinese firms Essay

How does globalisation impact on the management of Chinese firms - Essay Example The role of globalization in the competitive economic scenario and the environment cannot be underestimated. The firms have to advance themselves with the ever rising challenges in the market and accordingly build up their strategies. It is here the role of globalization plays the prime effect. The foreign policies practiced by China as well as the economic situation across the globe are all factors for a firm to sustain in the market. The focus of the paper will lay upon the needful to be done by the management to be in line with the impacts of globalization. In fact this is the reason behind inclusion of both and negative aspects of globalization. Introduction Globalization and its impact on the management of firms have attracted an effective attention of the international business’ scholars in the past decades. Small family run private owned business organizations have been at the middle of various international discussions on the how the globalization impacts the managemen t of the organizations. Liberalisation of markets, services, standardization and integration of economies are considered as the hallmark of the globalization. Opening of economy and increased interdependence on global market has contributed effectively to the economies of both developing and developed countries. China is considered as one of the emerging economies around the globe. The small family run private owned hospitality firms are achieving significant growth rate due to China’s open economy policy and globalization. On the other hand, it is quite challenging for an organization within this sector to manage the workforce and business performance inside or outside of the country. Recently china achieved potential economic growth rate due to globalization, open door policy and economic reformation. It is true that the business environment in China is becoming highly potential as well as competitive. Several organizations within the small family run private owned hospital ity organizations are adopting different strategies in global market place in order to develop potential client base and gain significant competitive advantages. Despite the financial advantages, the management of these Chinese firms faces several issues in foreign market places due to globalization. Several Chinese small family run private owned hospitality firms are trying to aiming on global expansion strategy. However, globalization has several advantages and disadvantages on the management of these firms that will be discussed in the discussion part. This essay will determine the impact of globalization on the management of small family run private owned hospitality firms outside China. Discussion It s true that globalization and open door policy of China is motivating several small family run private owned hospitality firms to adopt and implement global expansion strategy. These organizations are considered as one of the important contributor of the economic growth of China. C hina is highly focusing on the growth of these business firms due to high potentiality and strong market demand. Therefore, the government of China is supporting these organizations to adopt and implement global expansion strategy. There are several negative and positive consequences of globalization on the management of these firms that are discusses below. Positive Impacts of Globalization Several leading organizations are trying to capitalize on the opportunities that are developed due to

Construction Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Construction Project - Essay Example The sector of construction has been playing some significance role in developed as well as undeveloped countries. The workforce in the developing countries such as Jordan is not perceived as a significant input to the industry despite the fact that labour from the construction project contribute the most significant and biggest percentage of the entire costs of project. Thus control of labour costs becomes very crucial for the sake of profitability in this industry. Due to this the managers and contractors considers this labour as high-risk thus any wastage reduction indicates big potential for increase in production efficiency. The Jordanian construction labour force has features of manual, traditional and hard labour. The workers, who have wide range of abilities and social-cultural backgrounds productivity, have their productivity affected by several factors. Research by Kazaz (2008) indicates that there is generally poor productivity of the construction craftsmen which becomes one of the most daunting problems of human resource. There is also poor efficiency of the construction labour. The major reasons for this include the fact that the sector has hardly been employing normal relations and policies related to labour. There has also been ignorance by the managers to perceive the various factors which have impact man power productivity. Productivity risk factor has also been found to create very strong effect on the duration of the construction projects. The poor labour Productivity has led to time overruns in these projects (Kazaz, 2008). Innovative development or improvement of existing practice The workers are the key in every project especially in a construction project. Even amidst the technological advances and innovations happened in the construction sector, the role of the workers cannot be underestimated. They are instrumental in determining the success or the failure of a project; defining the project goal, organization of the project, directing, coordinating and monitoring project activities. They achieve these goals using their interpersonal and organizational skills such as communication, delegation, decision-making and negotiation (Thwala &Monese, n. d, p. 5). Motivation of the workforce is an essential requirement for the growth of an organization irrespective of in which country or region it operates. The needs of the people are changing day by day and traditional motivational techniques may not work in today's work environment. Man, Material, Machine and Money are the four essential resource requirements for an organization. Among these 4M's manpower seems to be the most important one since the manpower controls all the other resources. Man cannot function like a machine since man has physical and mental requirements like food, shelter, happiness etc. In fact man is working only for catering these requirements. Whenever the organization fails to meet the physical and mental requirements of its workforce, the result would be less productivity. The sector of construction has been playing some significance role in undeveloped countries. The workforce in the developing countries such as Jordan is not perceived as a significant input to the industry despite the fact that labour from the construction

Teleological vs deontological Essay Example for Free

Teleological vs deontological Essay The difference bewtween deontological and teleogical theories is that teleogical theories are the outcome of your actions and deontological is the actions that you perform. Teleological theories are what the consequence or outcome of what your actions do and Kant thinks that this is wrong and that we should act deontologically and act out of duty, not out of compassion. He believes that we should do something, because we have to, not out of compassion or if we think its morally wrong or right, we should just do it. Teleological theories are based on outcome. If you perform a bad act but the outcome of the act is good than it is considered to be a good act. However deontological theories are based on the act itself. Teleological theories. If you do an act that is intended to be good but actually turns out to be bad, its still considered a good act. For example, You and a friend are at school or work place or where ever you go and your friend starts to get bullied, you stick up for your friend but you end up getting into a fight with a bully. You tried to do something good but it also resulted into something bad. The idea was to get the bully to stop bullying and that was the good act; the fight was the bad act and you may get punished for the bad act but its still considered as an overall good act. The decision of punishment or whether or not it was a good act would be how much it helped or benefited the situation. It would have to be questioned of how much it helped the situation, and what was more for seen (what was intended to happen.. if the good has more reason for the bad)

The Use of Chiasmus to Highlight the Irony of Slavery in Narrative of t

The Use of Chiasmus to Highlight the Irony of Slavery in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass According to Barton and Hudson's Contemporary Guide to Literary Terms, a chiasmus is a rhetorical scheme that is "particularly effective in creating irony through the reversal of accepted truths or familiar ideas" (189). Frederick Douglass uses the chiasmus throughout his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave to highlight the irony of slavery's existence in a country that was built upon the ideals of freedom. Throughout his autobiography, we find several specific instances of chiasmus that cause the reader to pause and focus on the point that Douglass is trying to make. Each chiasmus is placed in an important point of the text (and, therefore, an important point of Douglass' life) and calls attention to that passage's significance. Let us begin with what is, perhaps, the most famous Douglass quotation: "You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall see how a slave was made a man" (64). This sentence serves as the turning point, the climax, of both Douglass' narrative and his life. Up until that point, throughout his entire life, the world had been busy making him a slave. From the moment he was born to a slave mother (even though his father was white), the forces of slavery had been suffocating his humanity. When he was forcibly separated from his mother, he lost the human closeness of family. When he helplessly witnessed his aunt being brutally beaten and was subjected to repeated beatings himself, he lost the human sense of pride. And, when he was denied education and literacy, he lost the human ability to obtain knowledge. In all of these ways, society turned Frederick Douglass, a man, int... ...ee nation. Douglass marks his transformation from slave to man with a chiasmus just before his fight with Mr. Covey. He used two more to highlight events that led up to that climactic afternoon: one contrasting the will of the master and that of the slave, and other contrasting the freedom of the ships with Frederick's own bondage in slavery. Finally, Douglass uses a chiasmus to highlight the disparity between the free, near-utopian North, and the slaveholding, harsh South. His masterful use of the rhetorical tool of chiasmus allowed Frederick Douglass to expertly exhibit the irony of slavery to an entire nation. Works Cited Barton, Edwin J. and Glenda A. Hudson. A Contemporary Guide to Literary Terms. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. New York: Barnes & Noble Classics, 2003.

India I see in 2030 Essay

i think india in 2030 will be very popular place for its historical and mysterical things that can amze any scientist,historian,archeologist,geographers NEW DELHI: India will be world’s third largest economy by 2030 but its energy demand will slow down to 4.5 per cent, global energy giant BP plc (one of the world’s leading international oil and gas companies) said today. â€Å"By 2030 China and India will be the world’s largest and third largest economies and energy consumers, jointly accounting for about 35 per cent of global population, GDP and energy demand,† BP’s chief economist Christof Ruhl said releasing BP’s Energy Outlook 2030. There would be â€Å"no surge in energy demand as India industrialises. Demand growth slows to 4.5 per cent per annum (vs. 5.5 per cent p.a. in 1999-2010) as improvements in energy efficiency partly offset the energy needs of industrialisation and infrastructure expansion.† India’s dependence on imports to meet its gas needs will jump to 47 per cent by 2030 while the same for oil will grow to 91 per cent. The nation will be 40 per cent dependent on imports to meet its coal needs. He said India remains on a lower path of energy intensity; by 2030 it consumes only about half the energy that China consumes today, at a similar income per capita level as in China today. Over the next 20 years China and India combined account for all the net increase in global coal demand, 94 per cent of net oil demand growth, 30 per cent of gas, and 48 per cent of the net growth in non-fossil fuels. Coal remains the main commercial fuel, but its share falls from 70 per cent to 55 per cent in China as a result of maturing industrial structure, and from 53 per cent to 50 per cent in India due to domestic resource constraints. Oil’s share is flat at 18 per cent in China and falls to 26 per cent in  India, constrained by prices and growing import dependency. Gas gains market share along with nuclear and renewables in both countries, BP said. In India, the share of industry continues to grow, as infrastructure development catches up and manufacturing expands to absorb a growing labour force, but it never reaches the Chinese level. â€Å"India therefore remains significantly less energy intensive, with a relatively high share of the service sector in GDP.†

Paper cut

Dynasty, paper cuts have a close relationship with the custom activities and the drama (#5). People are likely to watch drama so that there are lots of dramas in that period of time. For instance, â€Å"The Romance of The West Chamber† Rid) is one of the drama in Yuan dynasty. People usually cut red paper into different characters with background according to the drama for different uses, they may sell them or use as decoration. During Mining and King Dynasty, paper cuts become common among ordinary people, paper cuts are common to see in different festivals such as autumn festivals and drama.On the other hand, paper cuts are widely used in decorating the indoor part of the palace. The paper cuts designs include Dragon, Phoenix, and Bat, and these designs are used to decorate the ceilings of the hall and the walls of the corridors . Up to now, paper cuts is losing its status in the society, people are unwilling to participate in the inheritance of paper cuts. People therefore have fewer opportunities to reach this kind of folk art but they still can find paper cuts at old laces and some traditional buildings.Traditionally, women and girls in the countryside have to take in charge of making embroidery, let alone, the paper cuts. This is used to be a craft that every women must know how to do in their life. It even uses this craft to distinguish whether the bride is good or bad. Every year, they usually take part in the making embroidery after the harvest period, while they have spare time, they will start doing paper cuttings in order to do preparation for the coming year. These paper cuts are used to decorate the windows

EFL Lessons

Reading Comprehension Dialogues for ESL/EFL Lessons These reading comprehension/dialogues provide an opportunity for both reading and speaking practice. Each dialogue is also followed by a multiple choice quiz for comprehension practice. Each dialogue is listed under the appropriate level with a short introduction regarding target areas for speaking practice. Teachers can check out the ideas on how to use dialogues in class and print them out for use. Beginner - Lower Intermediate The City and the Country - Comparative form, as ... asInterview with a Famous Actor - Daily routines, present simpleWhats in Your Office? - Use of there is / there are, prepositions and office furniture vocabularyWhat Were You Doing? - Use of the past continuous in combination with the past simpleThe Oregon Weather Forecast - Use of the future with will for predictions, weather vocabularyA Business Presentation - This dialogue allows practice of the present perfectAn Interview - Allows practice of the superlative formIntroductions - Basic questions used when meeting someone for the first timeBasic Personal Information - Questions related to name, address, and marital statusThe Meeting - Schedules, future plans.A New Office - This, that, some and any with objects.Cooking - Daily routines and hobbies.Abilities and Skills - Using can, and able to, making suggestions.A Busy Day - Plans for the day, responsibilities with have to.Planning a Party - Future with will and going to Making Phone Calls Practice making phone calls with these dialogues that cover making doctors appointments, leaving messages, making dinner reservations, calling school about your child, and asking questions about your bills. Business English Deliveries and SuppliersTaking a MessagePlacing an OrderTomorrows MeetingBusiness Meetings English for Medical Purposes Dialogues Making an Appointment with the DentistMaking a Doctors AppointmentDental Check-up - Doctor and PatientDental Hygiene - Dental Hygienist and PatientDental ReceptionistTroubling Symptoms - Doctor and PatientJoint Pain - Doctor and PatientA Physical Examination - Doctor and PatientPain that Comes and Goes - Doctor and PatientA Prescription - Doctor and PatientHelping a Patient - Nurse and Patient Professional Dialogues Cleaning Staff - Vocabulary and requests dealing with cleaning rooms and taking care of guestsA Drink at the Bar - Vocabulary and situations related to serving customers at a barSpeaking to a Customer Service Representative - Disputing a bill over the telephone. Making Casual Conversation A Chat With a Neighbor  - Using the present perfect, present perfect continuous and past simple interchangeablyDirections  - Giving and asking for directions.Having a Hard Time Finding a Job - Speaking about finding a job, with a focus on reported speech