Ecocentrism And Environmentalism - 1578 Words

Deforestation has been a prevalent problem throughout time, but especially with the exponential increase in technology over the past 50 years, it has become a more concerning issue. Then, the ethical question, apart from the impact it has on species, is whether or not ecosystems have more standing. Is it just the individuals that are sentient and have a use to humanity that have moral standing, or is there something beyond individual organisms such as their interrelatedness and contribution to the good of the whole ecosystem? Using Thoreau’s ecocentric philosophical viewpoint acquired through his time at Walden and the contemporary environmental issue of deforestation as an example will provide justification for the argument that†¦show more content†¦Contrary to a biocentrist view, an ecocentrist will assert that to be able to determine moral treatment of any being, the good it contributes to the ecosystem as a whole must be questioned. This kind of view asserted by L eopold constitutes to the main focus of ecocentrism. Regardless of acceptance of an ecocentric view, the question of whether an ecosystem has a moral standing must then be asked. In an anthropocentric view, one sees the moral duties of humans and obligations as only applicable to people. Another view extends moral norms to beyond nonhumans with the argument that the value of humans is also found in other sentient beings. In other words, if one claims that humans have moral standing because they are sentient, then any other organism considered to be sentient also has a moral standing. An additional view applies to an ecocentric view, finding ethical and moral standing beyond just individual organisms. An ecocentric view goes beyond the traditional norms that extend to plants and animals, extending to the view that every single relationship between organisms and their environments are vital components to understanding the value of an individual organism. Overall, â€Å"ecosystems have ecological identities that are reasserted overtime, and ecosystems in part help determine what is said to be for organisms and species. In this sense, ecosystems are prescriptive, selective systems that have systematic,Show MoreRelatedWhat Are The Ideologies Associated With Societal Views Of The Environment And How One Should Effectively Approach Natural Resource Conservation1536 Words   |  7 Pagespromotes human interest (Brennan, 2002). Conversely, ecocentrism sees humans as a part of the Earth’s ecosystems rather than the overseeing entity of them. This view holds intrinsic value in the environment itself and therefore asserts that humans do not possess the power to decide what portions of the planet to protect (Mazzotta, 1995). Rather, humans are seen as environmental stewards and as a part of a larger ecological system. Ecocentrism gives nonhuman entities possession of moral considerationRead MoreAnalysis Of Koyaanisqatsi And If A Tree Falls1734 Words   |  7 Pagesfor humanity’s impact on the longevity of the earth’s natural environment (Gibson 2002). From this concern, the ideology of environmentalism has emerged as a strong social movement, bent on the perusal of a viable future, through the implementation of culturally defined responsibilities towards the natural world (Gibson 2002). Through the progression of cinema, environmentalism has become an issue that has received wide publicity, resulting in the creation of countless films discussing this issue.Read MoreSpace Colonization : A New Frontier1710 Words   |  7 Pagescommon ground. An often cited article entitled â€Å"The ethical dimensions of space settlement,† written by Martyn Fogg, argues that space development is morally acceptable. To begin, Fogg defines four ethical theories: anthropocentrism, zoocentrism, ecocentrism and preservationism. Fogg shows that the anthropocentric, zoocentric and ecocentric ideologies all uphold space colonization as morally permissible because they only require that space colonization is beneficial to man (anthropocentric) and does

Essay about Traditional and Non-Traditional Methods of...

Prisons are designed to confine individuals convicted of committing crimes. These facilities are used to rehabilitate offenders while keeping them isolated from the community so they can do no more harm to law abiding citizens. The goal of jails and prisons are to simply keep offenders from committing more crimes while encouraging them to become productive members of society. Traditional forms of corrections consist of prison time, restitution, probation or parole. However, there are some non-traditional methods as well such as alternative sentencing. For individuals who commit felonies such as murder there’s no negotiating you’re going to prison. There will be no alternatives and if there crime was severe enough the criminal will be sent†¦show more content†¦Rehabilitation focuses on making the convicted offender a changed member of society and able to live amongst lawful citizens. Prison, county jails and other alternatives ultimate goal is to reform offenders so they will not commit any more crimes and can be sent back into the real world. The intended goals are the same, but with the alternatives the offender just gets to reform his or herself outside of a prison cell. Data that supports incarceration or some other methods of punishment varies within jurisdictions. Joel Caplan’s research said â€Å"There has been some evidence that successful paroles are increasing in certain jurisdictions; or rather, that failure rates are declining in certain states† (Austin, 2001). This could be because once an individual gets a look at prison life and their freedom and rights are stripped away that is enough to humble a person and make them want to change and be free again. Freedom from prison can uplift a person and individuals strive for the right to become members of society again (Caplan, 2006). Someone granted parole can fail to successfully blend back into his or her community. Sometimes when individuals are fresh out of prison it is harder for previously convicted criminals to get jobs or even be accepted by society again. Ignoring the potential of rehabilitated ex-offenders and withholding resources such as the opportunity to have a realShow MoreRelatedEssay on Circle Sentencing as Alternative Dispute Resolutions1235 Words   |  5 PagesCircle Sentencing as Alternative Dispute Resolutions While the restorative justice movement has risen in recent years, the idea of circle sentencing, or peacemaking circles has been practiced in indigenous cultures for quite some time. As we look at implementing traditional indigenous culture practices as alternative dispute resolutions, we need to realize the effectiveness and also whether we are ready to use them. The Yukon and other communities reintroduced circles in 1991 as a practiceRead MoreEssay on Victim and Crime Evulation1159 Words   |  5 Pagesvictims who create the unfortunate events to which justice has to be served and then there are the defense attorneys and the prosecutors who do their best to upload the justice system and make sure that justice is served. What are the goals of sentencing associated? A defense attorney is a hired contractor, charged with representing individuals or entities in criminal or civil matter. People and organization facing criminal charges or being sued civilly hire a defense attorney to ensure theirRead MoreShould We Be Mandatory Sentence Reduction?870 Words   |  4 Pageshigh judges such as the Supreme Court to end the traditional and legal precedent of turning a blind eye to race discrimination in the criminal justice system (Alexander, 2011). To this point, research on mass incarceration takes issue with the fact the Court has closed the courthouse doors to claims of racial bias at all stages of the criminal justice process from the levels of justice ranging from stops and searches to plea bargaining and sentencing. One case, in particular, stands out as drawingRead MoreIncarceration And High Disproportionality Of Aboriginal Offenders1347 Words   |  6 Pagesalternatives and consequences (Zsolnai, 1997). Therefore, the individual level of responsibly ignores other systematic factors that influence offending. It is arguable that the Western system examines beyond the individual level by incorporating specific sentencing principles for Aboriginal people (see R v Gladue, 1999). However, society still has mass incarceration and high disproportionality of Aboriginal offenders in Canada. Thus, it is essential that the state based justice system examines how societyRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior. Transfer is usually used for juveniles charged with dangerous and violent offenses. At least half of the youths transferred to the adult court system, however, have committed minor offenses such as property and drug law violations. The most traditional style of transferring juveniles to criminal court was elective judicial waiver. Judicial waiver laws allow a juvenile court judge to transfer a delinquency case to criminal court, often after establishing that the case meets unmitig ated criteriaRead MoreIs Restorative Justice Gaing Support in South Africa?1503 Words   |  7 Pagesrestorative justice principles in the resolution of disputes it will be evident in the legislation and recent case law in different fields; including crimes of child offenders, serious crimes and less serious crimes. Restorative justice versus traditional theories Punishment theories such as retributive and utilitarian approaches focus on the objective to ‘right the wrong’. Retributive theories are based mostly on theological principles; where the offender can only pay for his ‘sin’ by sufferingRead MoreA Separate Juvenile Justice System1003 Words   |  5 Pagescustodial methods of punishment. 1. Juxtaposition of traditional and modern methods There is the need for a rediscovery of a distinctive indigenous system of justice that can be juxtaposed with the modern justice system. The question may be asked if the informal control of juvenile offenders is a solution to reoffending. This concept used under the traditional juvenile justice system may be adapted taking into cognizance contemporary trends in addressing youth matters. The traditional concept ofRead MoreRestorative Justice among the Aboriginal People1336 Words   |  5 Pagesthe experience of the native people. This means that it is important to acknowledge the differences amongst the aboriginal people. It is evident that the use of retributive model of justice has been used in many of the corrections in Canada. This method has not been effective in reducing crime amongst the aboriginal people. Both males and females amongst the aboriginals are overrepresented in the various levels of secured custody. However, based on the enormity of the native involvement in theRead More Community Based Corrections: Viable Alternative to Incarceration1679 Words   |  7 PagesCommunity-based corrections alleviate overcrowded correctional facilities, reduce taxpayer burden, and rehabilitate offenders, while providing effective, efficient low cost methods of supporting public safety, community rehabilitation, behavior modification and personnel responsibility, because it uses multiple approaches and involves both legislative and judicial personnel in all steps of the process. Community-based corrections facilities are located in the community and support diverse rehabilitativeRead MoreRestorative Justice Gaining Support in South Africa1246 Words   |  5 Pagesrestorative justice principles in the resolution of disputes it will be evident in the legislation and recent case law in differ ent fields; including crimes of child offenders, less serious crimes and serious crimes. 2 Restorative justice versus traditional theories Punishment theories such as retributive and utilitarian approaches focus on ‘righting the wrong’. Retributive theories are based on the idea where the offender can only pay for his ‘sin’ by suffering. Whereas, utilitarian approaches are

Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Optimal Allocation of Distributed Generation. Answer: Introduction: The two post that is above ground lift is designed to raise cars in this case the passenger car is used instead, to make it easy to get into the underside of the vehicle and also the assemblies of the wheels. The two post above ground lift is under normal circumstances attached to the surface which is made of concrete that existed before. The minimum depth of the concrete that is needed by the two post above the ground level is approximately four inches although a concrete which is more thicker is also needed for the post lifts that surpasses the normal capacity, (Ackermann etzler,C, 2014). This lift is made up of two columns which are all upright, the two hydraulic cylinders, the four adjustable arms which are mounted to the carriage assembly, a hydraulic power unit and various hoses, cables and pulleys also employs the use of an extruded nut which its configurations are powered by the electric motor. According to (Akorede Hizan, 2011),The two post above the ground level was created for the facilities that are moving and they were not able to be installed in the in-ground lifts. This is the reason as to why so many centers for automotive services are normally constructed on the hard rock where excavation can to be practical or possible. They are sometimes developed on the buildings which are located on the facilities that has its water table high above the ground. Additionally, two post above the ground lifts is always a perfect decision which is to replace the in-ground lift which is inoperable hence cutting down the down time and also eliminates the mess that comes about during installation that is developed with the in ground lifts. Most of the two post above ground lifts are powered by the hydraulic power unit. This unit is the assembly of the main components which is as follows: The dump valve handle permits the hydraulic fluid flowing into reservoir direct from hydraulic system. The hydraulic pump that is attached below the motor assembly having the preset valve pressure limit The plastic reservoir which is used for hydraulic fluid The Electric motor which is normally 220 Volt on a single phase 60 HZ. The most widely needed electric motor must give out uppermost torque , on the other hand making the drawing of the least amount of amperage. The horse power motor that is so high is never the best compared to the horse power that is the lowest in giving out the same torque. Designing is the process of converting an idea from that which a product can be developed. The whole processes of designing needs making good decisions on the material that the can develop the product and all of the processes that constitutes making of the product. Design dictates the material chosen or vice versa. At first, all materials must be put into consideration, but as the processes of designing becomes more comprehensive, the criteria of selection also takes its shape, this reduces the number of materials that are needed for the process. At the final stages, exact information for analysis is required in order to be used. The data needed is for very few materials. This particular process must recognize the first richness of the choice. Narrowing the process to a very small subset is also needed and provision of the detail on which final design calculations are based The logic that operates behind the machine is as follows; at the moment a power button of an electric motor is put into action by pressing it, hydraulic or electric power unit gives out pressurized hydraulic fluid that comes through the hoses. The pressure comes to the two cylinders of which the cylinders are located in opposing columns. The hydraulic fluid pressure is through regulated by the use of the factory preset pump valve. Although the atlas lift has the capabilities of lifting a mass which is much more than the stipulated capacity, they are also constrained to their capacity which they are rated using the pressure valve that is always located inside the hydraulic or the electric power unit. The pressure valve is always installed from the factory, it is also adjusted accordingly in order to prevent the user of the machine from loading the weight that is more than the rated weight of the lift. As we know that the pressure valve is fitted from the company that manufactures the lift, its not therefore allowed to adjust the valve in any way. Most of the two post lifts are made up of the automatic safety arm locks which in this case are architectured in order to protect the lift arm, and the point the pads which are in the arm are positioned properly under the vehicle, the arm lock which are automatic engages at the time the vehicle is then lifted approximately 2 inches from the ground level, and also it automatically disengages immediately the vehicle is lowered down to ground. Allowance stress This is the maximum stress which can be allowed on a material Allowable stress therefore F=Fy/F.S When the Fy =10 and F.S =(10*4)/7=5.7 F=10/5.7 =1.75 (This is the Maximum stress that can be applied on the material where incase of any exceeds, the material breaks) where Fy is the yield stress and F.S is the factor of safety The lifting machine is very technical to operate, and in order to operate the machine, there must be a technical training that should me made to any person operating the lifting machine. It order to operate the two post above ground lift, the following are the step by step guide that is very crucial and worthy knowing before operation of the machine. Get to know and understand the maximum weight limit of the load of the adaptors and the lift. It is not advisable to overload past the standard that the manufacturer of the machine indicated. Place the vehicle in a position that the centre of the gravity may be balanced on top of the lift in accordance with the recommendation that are given by the manufacturer of the two post above ground. It is advisable to check the clearances of the overhead before the lifting is done, check the antennas of the vehicle, its signs and attachments too. Ensure that inside the car, there is no one , shut the door , trunk and the hood before raising the car. While raising the car, make sure that people are at least 2m away from the car that is being lifted by the two post above ground lift. Make sure that a daily check of safety is done to all components that the lift has before using the lift. Make sure that a personal protective equipment which in this case can be called PPE is worn. This is when working on a raised vehicle The above drawing is the drawing of the two post above the ground in a 2D form using the auto CAD drawing software . All the details of the garage are placed in a 2D from the 3D picture. In order to perfectly lift the vehicle to the respected position , the following are the procedure which must be followed: First , the transmission is placed in a central position and the ignition put off, the door of the car should be closed and make sure that any other overhead distractions are not there, this distractions might include the aerials of the radio or any other distractions. The pads are then supposed to be placed in a proper location which is under the contact point which is recommended Before lifting the vehicle, make sure that the automatic chock device which is on the drive on lifts are well placed and also should be made sure that the permanent block they are enough to stop the vehicle. Lift up the vehicle until its wheels are all up from the floor, this should be about 30 cm to one feet. Recheck that the contact pads are accurately placed and that the mass is never positioned and put on the vehicle parts that could end up damaging the vehicle body. Pull down the vehicle, make sure that the vehicle is well placed on a lift, this is done before any further lifting is done. In case the vehicle is not well positioned or maybe the vehicle looks like it might slide when raised. The lift should not be lifted very fast to the uppermost position or being banged, this is not allowed but instead, lift up the vehicle very slowly especially for the last like 30cm or around 1.6 fts. When the lift is banged, this will make the seal bolts get stretched and can allow the leakage of the oil. After that, lock the lift using the locking device which is mechanical in nature or rather the proposed jack stand can be used to lock up the lift. For this, you should make sure that you understands all the situations that might resulting to changing in the centre of gravity of the vehicle and might cause the falling down of the vehicle. That is, removing the cargo which is in the vehicle if the cargo can shift without expectations. You are also expected to follow in latter the recommendations which are made by the manufacturer in regard the removal of the heavy materials and loads like the engine and any other material which is very heavy and can cause the change in the CoG. It should also be noted that the installation and the removal of the parts of the vehicle might result to change in the centre of gravity hence making the vehicle to become very much unstable. When need to lower down the vehicle, the following is the procedure of doing the same: First, make sure that there is no jacks, tool or equipment or any other objection that might be present under the lift. Ensure that everybody that was there during the process is there and standing in a clear location just before lowering down the lift. Then lower the vehicle smoothly and slowly and also make sure that the lift has gone in its lowest position possible, (Brooks, 1934).Adjust the arm and supports of the lift , make sure that you remove the chocks as required. This will make sure that the vehicle is moved with no getting into the parts of the lift especially when the vehicle is driven away. Ensure that the vehicle is lowered to the ground before entering are again. Conclusion From the above , the auto CAD is used to draw the 2D of a 3D picture. For the above garage, it was therefore possible to construct a 2D drawing that recaptures the whole two post above the ground in the garage. Being also great to learn on how to make the drawing, it become also good to know how the processes in the garage take s place. The two post above the ground has to be operated by experts who have the knowhow on how to go about the precautions of the machine. The procedure have to be followed strictly in accordance with the companies recommendations and also according to the conditions of operation that are laid down. The lifting machine lifts vehicles above the ground in order for all operation that are supposed to be taken under the vehicle should take place without any problems and obstructions. This machine is very much of help to mechanical engineers and also automobile engineers as it helps them get into focus with the underneath of the vehicles comfortably. The garages are supposed to be developed in a location that is not near the waters and on the ground that is above the water table of the ground that is rocky. Bibliography Ackermann, B., etzler,C. (2014). Distributed generation : a definition 1. Electric power system research. Akorede, M., Hizan, H. (2011). Effective method for optimal allocation of distributed generation units in method electric power system. IET generation transmission. Brooks, W. (1934). U.S Patent No. 1,948.951. Washington DC: U.S patent trademark Ofiice. Hobbs, B., Anderson, G. (2010). Strategic gaming analysis for electric power system. MPEC publishers.

Paper for the Film A Day without a Mexican

The film A Day without a Mexican directed by Sergio Arau and released in 2004 represents a satiric view of the state California without the Mexican population in it, touching upon rather serious philosophical and anthropological issues of relationships of various ethnical groups in a multi-national society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Paper for the Film A Day without a Mexican specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The development of the plot lines of the movie which shows the chaos in the community after one ethnical group as one of its integral elements has disappeared can be explained with the theoretical principles of structural functionalism. The structural functionalism is a broad anthropological view on the society as a set of interrelated components. The elements of the society include customs, traditions, norms and beliefs as well as institutions and social groups. Herbert Spencer as one of the proponents of this approach compared the whole society to a human body and its elements to the organs of this body which are interconnected and disease and especially amputation of one of them will have a significant impact on the state of the whole organism. The main goal of the author of the scenario was to show the changes in citizens’ attitude towards Mexicans after they disappeared. The disappearance of the 13 million of Mexicans, including both immigrants and US citizens, divided the plot into two parts: before and after disappearance. The first episodes of the film show the disrespectful attitude of Americans to Latinos. The senator does not want a Mexican woman to work as a nanny at his house, being afraid of his reputation. When a Mexican man saves life of an American boy, killing a serpent, the boy’s father does not want even to express his gratitude even realizing that his child’s life was at stake, the man refuses to say thanks in Mexican. Though the authorâ₠¬â„¢s idea of disappearance of the whole ethnic group sounds unrealistic, this approach was effective for contrasting the people’s relations before and after Mexicans disappeared and returned to California for developing the ideas of structural functionalism theories. Showing the changes and chaos in the society after the mysterious disappearance of people, the author points at the significant role which Mexicans play in the community.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important that despite the widely spread misconceptions, not all the disappeared Mexicans were serving men or worked on physical labor jobs. Among the Mexican characters there was a singer, TV reporters and even a candidate for a position of a governor. It seems that before their disappearance people did not notice that Latinos played such an important role in the life of the society. It is interesting that the disappearance is shown as a gradual process, the scenes in which Mexicans disappear one by one, leaving the working machines were terrifying. Along with the development of the cross-cultural plot line, the author sheds light upon various socio-cultural processes in the society, showing the reaction of different people to the mysterious disappearance of Mexicans. The people demonstrate their inner self, reacting to the event. Some of them try to take advantage of the situation. The senator incorporates the Mexican issue into his pre-election program. The author’s irony is expressed in the assertion of one of the characters that the anti-immigrant campaign helped him to become a senator and the incidence with the disappeared Mexicans could help him to become a governor. Comics used the event in their jokes, and one of them admitted that he wants his wife’s mother were a Mexican and disappeared. The advertisers used the issue for their purposes, using the theme o f disappearance of Mexicans for their discounting program, admitting that their goods disappear like animals because of their low prices. The disappearance of the ethnic group was a noticeable event which had impact on all the spheres of life of California citizens, including those of politics, television and advertising industry, not to mention the personal lives of those who lost their close friends and members of their families. Though there were a wide range of explanations for the mysterious disappearance, the author does not support either of them, focusing on the outcome of the event instead of its reasons. The versions of the reasons of disappearance ranging from religious motives to genetics engineering demonstrate the current level of the development of the society and various movements in it. Thus, while some of the visitors under the window of Lila, the only Mexican girl who remained in whole California, sang songs, naming her saint, others threatened and damned her. Mak ing the come back of the Mexicans as mysterious and unexpected as their disappearance, the author emphasizes the importance of the structural changes in the society caused by the lack of an only element instead of developing some of the versions. The principles of structural functionalism are helpful for explaining the main plot lines in the film A Day without a Mexican directed by Sergio Arau. The disappearance of one ethnic group resulted in immense changes and echoed in all spheres of life of the community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Paper for the Film A Day without a Mexican specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bibliography A Day without a Mexican. Dir. Sergio Arau. Perf. Sergio Arau, Yarelli Arizmendi, Sergio Guerrero. Altavista Films, 2004. Film. A screen shot of the opening scene of the movie This essay on Paper for the Film A Day without a Mexican was written and submitted by user Jefferson Bradford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.